Wednesday, 27 April 2011

Uses And Gratifications Theory

Uses and Gratifications Theory


Information
        • finding out about relevant events and conditions in immediate surroundings, society and the world
        • seeking advice on practical matters or opinion and decision choices
        • satisfying curiosity and general interest
        • learning; self-education
        • gaining a sense of security through knowledge
Personal Identity
        • finding reinforcement for personal values
        • finding models of behaviour
        • identifying with valued other (in the media)
        • gaining insight into one's self
Integration and Social Interaction
        • gaining insight into circumstances of others; social empathy
        • identifying with others and gaining a sense of belonging
        • finding a basis for conversation and social interaction
        • having a substitute for real-life companionship
        • helping to carry out social roles
        • enabling one to connect with family, friends and society
Entertainment
        • escaping, or being diverted, from problems
        • relaxing
        • getting intrinsic cultural or aesthetic enjoyment
        • filling time
        • emotional release
        • sexual arousal

I feel that my music magazine “Little Stereo” uses the personal identity, entertainment and information Use’s and Gratifications Theories. In my magazine i used information, such as events and festivals notice to bring together social groups in a stereotypical environment. The other personal identity, gaining an insight into one’s self through the use of music and emotive expressions. This creates a connection from the magazine to the reader, making it more personal than controversial. I also feel it applied entertainment, giving the reader an emotional release, it can also fulfil their spare time, i feel my magazine mostly applies to the entertainment uses and gratifications, as being a music magazine it gives the readers a chance to escape and emotionally release within the magazine.

Audience FeedBack On Front Cover Results












Audience Questionnaire For Front Cover

I gathered audience feedback from friends, family and classmates to see their reaction to the magazines front cover final production.



Audience Feed Back On Front Cover Questionnaire

1.    What was your overall reaction when you first saw this magazine? (choose which apply)
-Grabbing Masthead:
-Main image attracted you:
-Bold and Interesting Font:
-Overall Resembles Your Lifestyle:
-The Themed Colours:
2.   Do you feel the magazine relates to your style/lifestyle?
-Yes:
-No:
-Sort Of:
 3.   How do you find the layout?
- Easy to follow:
- Difficult to read:
- In between:
4. What was the most striking Element of the magazine?
- Masthead:
- Main Image:
- Font:
- The Content:
- Style:
- Colours:
5. Looking at my magazine do you feel it represents the indie and rock target audience?
- Yes Spot on:
- Kind Of:
- Not Really:
- Not At All:
6. Would you buy this magazine for yourself or someone interested in the genre?
-Yes:
-No:
-Not Sure:
7. What could be improved on the front cover?
-Main Image:
-Font:
-Style:
-Themed Colour:
-Masthead:
-All of Above:
-None:


Saturday, 2 April 2011

In what ways does your music magazine use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real music magazines?

In what ways does your music magazine use, develop or challenge forms and conventions of real music magazines? 
1.       Masthead and Title


For my masthead I used the font ‘extravaganza’. I chose this font because it was all one case type and was bold and clear to the reader. The font had jagged, textured feel to the text which related to the magazine’s genre of rock and indie. This was influenced by the masthead’s of magazines ‘Blender’ and ‘Kerrang’ they are both bold and symbolic and clear to the reader which is the look i wanted to achieve, it also made it easy for recognition for the readers in the future by not challenging the conventions over the limits. The ‘Kerrang’ logo was different to other conventional masthead’s which influenced me to challenge mine. I decided to chose a font that added texture, i didn’t want the masthead to be to extravagant because i would prefer the puff’s to stand out, as that is the main advertisement of the magazine.


For the colour of my masthead i wanted to keep it simple, similar to ‘Blender’ as i feel the more simple the bold colour rather than magazine logo’s such as ‘billboard’ create a much more dramatic effect.  I think my masthead turned out v very well and the font and the colour blended and hit the target audience I wanted. It created a bold effect but also challenged conventions with its own unique style.


How is the genre reflected in your magazine?
My magazine genre is rock and indie and i wanted to reflect the genre in all the ways possible. By using the costumes of the artist’s and props created a real live rock show feel, with the image for the font cover showing the boy singing loudly. By using these images and demonstrating the use of rock and indie formed instruments such as drums and electric guitars all added towards the feel of the magazine and its genre. The colours used for the magazine also reflected this by using black and white two blocky and bold symbolic colours created a dark effect which i think reflected the sense of rock throughout the magazine. The overall construction i think hit the target audience i wanted, by using the correct fashion, camera angles, colours and font all reflected onto the rock and indie genre. But i feel the font could have been improved to become more interesting, by manipulating the puff’s i think i could have given a much more convincing rock and indie genre effect to the magazine.

Mise en scene of images
 The images i used for my magazine were taken in a rehearsal studio in High Wycombe. The rehearsal area made it a very realistic and followed all the conventions of giving off the ‘artists’ at a live performance. By taking the pictures while they were in playing made the photos even more realistic. The images for the font cover and double page spread really reflected the genre of the magazine by editing them into black and white giving a different feel to the magazine. The contents page image is also in black and white but by using the picture of a female attracts both male and female audiences by creating mixed genders. I conducted a variety of different camera angles and shot types to capture different images and visualise the different emotions of the ‘artists’, for the front cover i used a midshot as it captured the centre of the ‘artist’ and created a bold statement immediate to the reader. The angle’s for the double page spreads were extreme close ups and wide shots to give a contrasting difference into the eye of the band. I also manipulated the images by editing them on ‘Photoshop’ and ‘Picnik’.


Costumes and Props
The costumes i used for the photoshoot were indie/rock styled clothing. The clothing were reflecting the genre of the magazine which would attract the audience. I used a number of different props, which were stereo equipment to give a realistic feel to the magazine photos. The costumes and props relate conventionally yet unconventionally to other magazines, by relating to unique ‘artists’ the magazine has the upper hand to express the fashion by celebrities in their casual clothing. This creates a personal connection between the magazine, the celebrities and the reader. However i did want to follow conventions of other magazines to relate to the stereotypical genre of rock and indie.
People
The people i used in my magazine were a mixture of male and female, all of young adult and teen ages. This targets my target audience and relates the audience to the people in the magazine. I’ve used male and female in the magazine but more pictures of males due to the band ‘chemical wake’ were all male cast. If i were to do my magazine again i would add more pictures of females on my contents page to demonstrate its not a biased magazine especially due to the front cover.  The age of the band ‘Chemical Wake’ demonstrates young artists and their aspirations and becoming a celebrity this draws in and creates prosumers for the readers connecting them together.
Font and styles
The fonts i chose for my magazine throughout reflected the genre of the magazine. The font i wanted to keep was bold and basic, so i didn’t use an manipulation devices and specifically used ‘DaFont’. If i could go back and change this i would have used the manipulation for the font for the masthead, as i felt it could have created a bigger effect on the magazine. The font i chose was intended to make a striking impact on each of the individual pages, the font throughout was all in bold, symbolic text making it clear to the audience. The font’s i chose throughout the magazine created the effect i wanted, the stood out and jumped off the page making a clear cut impression.


Copy/Written Content
In my magazine the language spoke to the audience in mixed types of language. If i were able to change the language again i would add more direct speech to the reader creating a personal approach. The style of language wasn’t to categorized but the use of slang was used on the front cover of the magazine in the main puff’s.  I didn’t want to use slang throughout the whole magazine because i wanted to open to a wide audience of young adults and teenagers, this could have created a smaller target market by using too much slang. I used exclamation marks in almost all cases to emphasize the magazines puff’s and pull out quote, i feel this effect worked well and attracted excitement and a buzz to the magazine. I used the magazine ‘Vibe’ and ‘Billboard’ as influenced for the written content, i felt they used casual language and the use of punctuation draws the reader in.

How is the genre reflected in your magazine?
My magazine genre is rock and indie and i wanted to reflect the genre in all the ways possible. By using the costumes of the artist’s and props created a real live rock show feel, with the image for the font cover showing the boy singing loudly. By using these images and demonstrating the use of rock and indie formed instruments such as drums and electric guitars all added towards the feel of the magazine and its genre. The colours used for the magazine also reflected this by using black and white two blocky and bold symbolic colours created a dark effect which i think reflected the sense of rock throughout the magazine. The overall construction i think hit the target audience i wanted, by using the correct fashion, camera angles, colours and font all reflected onto the rock and indie genre. But i feel the font could have been improved to become more interesting, by manipulating the puff’s i think i could have given a much more convincing rock and indie genre effect to the magazine.
Front Cover Layout
The layout for my front cover is quite conventional. I have used aspects from both stereotypical magazines but used individual effects to separate it from the other magazines on the market. For example i used the front cover main image to full scale centre of the page this is used in a lot of magazines but i used an unconventional method of using no eye contact, there was a side shot image inside of full front. This made my magazine that little bit different it also gave a live effect which i wanted to achieve. The puff’s fonts are a variety of different positions similar to most magazines; but wanted to make the picture clear and separate them from the font this made a clear conventional layout which I wanted to keep.  I wanted to follow conventions because i think this would blend with other magazine, i wanted to concentrate on other aspects of the magazine to make it unique. I used NME front cover as my main inspiration and influence on my design. The layout of the text and the main image’s centre position was the layout i wanted to achieve for my magazine.

Contents Page Layout
My magazine contents page follows an unconventional layout to most magazines. Unlike my front cover i wanted the layout of my contents page to be unique. I decided to make the contents page firstly a double page, this then spaces out the information instead of crowding and overlapping of texts. This also gave me the advantage to add more things to my contents page which created an even more unique effect. I laid out the page with only one picture in the top right hand corner with a reflection; if i could do the layout again i would enlarge the picture more. The contents page was split into two different sections. One section was the ‘no1 hits’ on ‘little stereo’ radio this then advertised the magazine by using this unconventional layout. The layout of the text was centred down in columns creating a different effect and centring the text into the page, in straight eye-line view. The contents pages that influenced me, were two in particular were ‘Billboard’ and ‘Vibe’ by combining the two i created my idea for the perfect contents page layout, by the use of space and quality.


Double Page Spread Layout
The double page spread layout is very conventional and similar to most magazines. I found it very difficult to make the double page spread layout unique to other magazines. But i discovered that by rotating the text and adding two different backgrounds laid out in different sizes and positions changed the basic layout into something original. I wanted to make the layout for the spread unique to draw attention to the page and the artist’s interview; also by using mainly pictures on the page in a variety of sizes created a visual connection with the reader. The pull out quote was another device i used to separate the middle of the body text to draw the reader into the main article. By using this layout it navigates the reader around the page and makes it very eye catching. There were many double page spreads that used unique techniques but i found the two double page spreads below to be the most interesting with making it unique just using the layout and i used these devices forward as excellent inspiration.



Conclusion
Overall in my magazine I feel I have followed conventions, although challenging followed conventions in certain aspects. I followed conventions to keep within the target market of existing magazines by following certain trends, such as the layout of the magazine. By keeping in the conventions I felt this could only benefit the magazine, by blending in with existing magazines, and satisfy the audience’s expectations. Although I did want to challenge certain conventions to make my magazines stand out from the crowd of existing magazines. I did this by giving the magazine a themed black and white colour, including the pictures; I felt this made the magazine stand out, and compliment the genre indie and rock. Throughout the magazine I wanted to tweak and alter certain conventions that were mandatory, and making them that little bit different. I felt by changing the pictures slightly and a range of bold fonts, all indifferent for the puffs gave the magazine a certain edge that other magazines didn’t pursue. Looking back at my magazine and if I could change things I would have challenged the conventions a lot more as of the constant demanding audience and the rapid increase of high audience expectations. If I could change my project I would have considered this in much more depth and created a much more dramatic emphasis to shock the audience.

How does your music magazine represent particular social groups?

How does your music magazine represent particular social groups?
My magazine represents a number of different social groups but is preferably targeting young adults and teenagers ages 16-24. There is a large target audience that I wanted to target, so by following a wide range of techniques in my mis-en-scene, use of language and so on, I feel I have targeted that particular social group. My magazine represents this social group exactly young adults and teenagers, such as new young artists. By involving young adults and teenagers this creates a more personal and intellectual level of understanding, drawing in the audience. The social groups I have represented are rock and indie, and through the results of ‘find your tribe’ I feel  I was representing ‘indiescenster’, ‘indie kid’, ‘clubber’ and ‘trendie’. These all relate to the magazine’s genre and the target audience. I represented these social groups categorizes in a number of different ways through the use of: costumes, lighting, location, scene, props, camera angle, and type of pose, mis en scene and use of language. I represented the social groups for example in the mis en scene. I used dim lighting giving the image a dark rock effect of a live stage, by using the type of pose, the model appeared to be singing in a loud, passionate, intense manner; this also provided the rock and indie theme to the magazine. I also used the costumes and props to represent the social groups, which I feel were the up most important features to represent the social groups. By using costumes in casual indie style clothing and the use of props such as electric guitars, speakers, microphones and drums created an atmosphere for the whole social group setting. I feel the social groups represented also portray the full genre of the magazine, NME is an example of how I wanted my magazine to be represented; and I feel I have continued to follow their conventional style but with a few changes to represent by particular social group.

What kind of media institution might distribute your music magazine and why?

What kind of media institution might distribute your music magazine and why?
I think a suitable media institution to distribute my magazine would be between ‘future PLC’ and ‘EMAP’ as they both have similar gaps in the market of a music magazine for indie and rock. Their current published magazine such as for ‘EMAP’: ‘nursing times’ and ‘planet retail’ and for ‘future PLC’: ‘metal hammer’ and ‘computer music’ creates a rock and indie music magazine gap especially for ‘EMAP’; and although ‘future PLC’ distribute ‘metal hammer’ a rock magazine, there is still a gap in the market for rock ‘and’ indie magazine, which would blend nicely into their profile, as well as being that little bit different. I feel there is a map in the market for a niche or mass market rock and indie magazine, from knowledge the only successful rock and indie magazine is ‘NME’ with ‘IPC MEDIA’. The gap in the market maybe small, but by distributing a similar magazine gives a variety of different approaches to the audience and a larger supply of choice. I feel future PLC would be best for distributing my magazine, as I feel it fits well in their portfolio without creating competition, they also have lots of experience in distributing music magazine such as ‘Metal Hammer’. Although personally I would prefer to have chosen ‘IPC media’  but due to their current rock and indie magazine ‘NME’, would make my magazine a competitor as we have a similar genre and represent the same social groups.

Who would be the audience for your music magazine?

Who would be the audience for your music magazine?
My audience for my music magazine is aimed at young adults and teenagers aged 16-24 both male and female. Although I feel most music magazines are aimed more towards male, and my magazine also leans towards a more bias view point for the male audience. In my audience research the results showed that the market to target was indie and rock magazines for students as when asked ‘where do you read magazines’ they results showed mainly while in a work environment or out and about. This demonstrates students moving to and from different places, aiming the music magazine at the young adults and teens.


The results from ‘FindYourTribe’ also provided results that supported my idea for audiences of the rock and indie genre. ‘FindYourTribe’ had a number of different categories of audiences in the rock and indie genre. By using this information to find out more in depth about the places, shops, income, technology and things they do in their spare time, contributed to a full informed view of my audience. The ‘FindYourTribe’ results demonstrated that the audience I was targeting were mainly students, who were on low income or starting new jobs. It also concluded that the spare money was contributed towards mainly entertainment such as events, festivals, shopping and nights out clubbing. These results were a real eye opener and as I continued I discovered young adults and teens advancement of technology; by becoming prosumers the audience are becoming more and more involved. This made me consider the future of the magazine and the contents reflecting adverts and ways for the audience to connect through with their technology.




I then started to look at socio-economic grouping, and which categories they fall into, from my audience research results I discovered they were in socio-economic groups’ c1, c1 and d. This then helped me to consider the audience and the funding of the magazine. Furthermore I continued to look at psychographic profiling this describes the behaviour if the audience and investigated how people see themselves. I feel my audience falls into the ‘Aspirer’, ‘struggler’ and ‘explorer’ I’ve chosen a wide variety between choices because my magazine is to hit all different types of young adults and teens who are interested in rock and indie music. I have used this information throughout my magazine to discover the pages for my flat plan and what they should include such as technology adverts. From the ‘FindYourTribe’ results this has continued to make an impression on the advertising also, by including their interests, hobbies, labels and more. From my audience research I have gained an exclusive insight into the world of young adults and teenagers, this information has contributed throughout my magazine.